In Illinois, can a physical therapist evaluate and treat without a referral?

• A. No, always require referral
• B. Yes, IL has direct access
• C. Only for pediatric patients
• D. Only for emergency conditions

Answer: (B)

Direct access means you can start physical therapy without a physician referral. In Illinois, physical therapists are empowered to perform an initial evaluation and begin treatment without a referral, so you can seek care directly for many musculoskeletal concerns. The therapist will screen for red flags and set up a treatment plan, with the understanding that after an initial direct-access period (or if the condition doesn’t improve), a referral or medical clearance may be needed to continue care. This arrangement reflects Illinois recognizing direct access as a pathway to obtain PT services without first seeing a doctor.